Sjögren’s syndrome
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune connective tissue disease
which particularly affects the tear glands and salivary glands,
causing dryness of the eyes and mouth. It can cause dryness in
other parts of the body, including the skin, nose, throat, airways,
gut or vagina. It may also cause fatigue and joint pains and
aches.
The syndrome can occur on its own (primary Sjögren's) or in
association with other connective tissues diseases such as lupus
(secondary Sjögren's). The diagnosis is based on your symptoms, a
physical examination including a test of tear production, and blood
tests to look for levels of specific antibodies which tend to be
high in Sjögren's syndrome. You may also be referred for scans or
biopsy of your salivary glands.
There are many treatments available which can help with the
symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome. These include lubricating eye drops
and ointments, mouth gels and sprays, as well as painkillers and
anti-inflammatory drugs. Occasionally, a minor surgical procedure
is used to reduce the drainage of tears from the eye to help keep
the surface of the eye wet.
There are a variety of simple lifestyle measures which can be
very helpful in managing the symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome. Good
dental care routine with regular dental check ups are essential if
you have dry mouth symptoms. Xylitol (sugar free) chewing gum can
also be helpful in stimulating production of saliva. Wearing
wraparound sunglasses can help retain moisture in your eyes, as
well as increasing the humidity of your home.
For more information on Sjögren's syndrome and other
self-help measures, please visit:
Useful resources for health professionals:
- European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) for the Management
of Sjögren's Syndrome with Topical and Systemic Therapies
https://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2019/10/31/annrheumdis-2019-216114
