ITB Test Dose
What is a test dose?
If a child fits the criteria and is a good candidate for
intrathecal baclofen, the neurosurgery team will coordinate an
admission to the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children for a
test dose of baclofen under a general anaesthetic.
Prior to going to theatre, the physiotherapist will assess the
child. This assessment will involve a repeat Modified Ashworth
Score (MAS) to measure spasticity. They will also assess the
child's range of movement whilst under general anaesthetic to get a
true picture of any contractures or limited range of movement.
This is important as these will not be improved with ITB and
there should be considered for additional orthopaedic surgery.
After these assessments, a lumbar (lower back) catheter is put in
place in theatre by the neurosurgeon.
The child will return from theatre to the ward. Once they are
awake, alert and not suffering from excessive nausea, vomiting
or pain, a 50 microgram bolus of Baclofen will be administered
by one of the Advanced Paediatric Nurse Practitioners to the
lumbar catheter. Approximately 3-4 hours later the
physiotherapist will repeat the spasticity assessment (MAS), and
have a discussion with parents to determine the efficacy of
ITB.
If the ITB test dose shows to be effective on the child's
spasticity, it is counted as a positive test dose and the catheter
can be removed. If it is negative (ineffective), the child can
go on to have another bolus of a larger dose of 100 micrograms.
This is done on the following day, when the effect of the
first ITB dose has worn off. 3-4 hours after the larger dose has
been given, the physiotherapist will reassess the spasticity
levels. If the result is negative then it is deemed
unsuccessful.
The child's lumbar catheter is removed once the effects of the
ITB have disappeared and the child is stable. The child and
family will be discharged from hospital with appropriate
advice. This is usually the following day. If the dose is deemed to
have a positive response and the parents are happy to go
ahead, the child can proceed to the baclofen pump implant waiting
list.